Step 9 of 9

To conclude

The stela in the Leiden Museum of Antiquities is named after the most important individual depicted on it, Roma, but this may not be the whole story. The presence of his subordinate Amun-men behind him shows that we can assume one of two possible scenarios. Either Roma had the stela erected as a gift for the tomb of Amun-men and his wife, or alternatively, the stela was erected by Amun-men for his own tomb, but he wished to honor his chef Roma as well as the gods depicted above them. Perhaps the presence of the powerful Roma was the first mediator that Amun-men wished to have in his attempt to reach the great gods of the afterlife, Re and Osiris.

Even among the gods we can see a hierarchy. The middle register contains a selection of smaller gods, who are the intermediaries between the world of man below and the world of the gods on top of the stela. The deified king and the two queens were popular ‘saints’ in Thebes, and Horus and Anubis were more accessible gods through whom the ‘greater’ gods Osiris and Isis could be approached. The hieroglyphs on the stela explain the names and status of the different characters.