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This is a clay tablet that contains cuneiform, a writing system that was invented at the end of the fourth millennium BC. It was in use for over three millennia in the ‘Near East’- Iran, Iraq, Syria, Anatolia and the Levant.
The cuneiform signs were pressed into the clay with a reed stylus while the clay was still soft. The tablet displayed here is a letter of about 4000 years old, found close to what is now the Turkish city of Kayseri, an important trading post during the second millennium BCE.